Top+25+(or+so)+Psychologists

The AP exam will not require you to be familiar with the work of many psychologists on the exam, but it may ask about a few. To prepare you here is a "Top 25" list of psychologists and brief descriptions of the psychologists' best-known work. Know these cold.
 * Important Names to Study for the Exam**

**Mary Ainsworth** - Developmental Psychology Placed human infants into a "strange situation'' in order to examine attachment to parents

**Solomon Asch** - Social Psychology Conformity experiment people incorrectly reported lengths of lines Impression formation study - professor was warm or cold

**Albert Bandura** - Learning and Personality Social-learning theory (modeling ) Reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocality) Self-efficacy

**Alfred Binet** - Developmental Psychology, and Testing and Individual Differences Creator of the first intelligence test

**Noam Chomsky** - Cognition Theorized the critical-period hypothesis for language acquisition

**Erik Erikson** - Developmental Psychology Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages) Neo-Freudian

Major contributor to modern scientific theory of personality; Extravert vs. Intravert; Emotional stablity vs instability Model of Personality (P-E-N); E= Extroverison, N= Neuroticism
 * Hans Jurgen Eysenck -** Intelligence & Personality

**Sigmund Freud** - Personality and States of Consciousness Psychosexual stage theory of personality (oral. anal, phallic. and adult genital) Stressed importance of unconscious and sexual drive Psychoanalytic therapy Theory of dreaming

**Carol Gilligan** - Developmental Psychology Challenged the universality of Kohlberg's moral development theory

**Harry Harlow** - Developmental Psychology Experimented with infant monkeys and attachment

**David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel** - Sensation and Perception Discovered feature detectors, groups of neurons in the visual cortex that respond to different types of visual images

**William James** - Methods, Approaches, and History Published //The Principles of Psychology//, psychology’s first textbook Functionalism

**Lawrence Kohlberg** - Developmental Psychology Stage theory of moral development (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional)

**Elizabeth Loftus** - Cognition Demonstrated the problems with eyewitness testimony and constructive memory

**Abraham Maslow** - Motivation and Emotions and Treatment of Psychological Disorders Humanistic psychologist Hierarchy of needs, self-actualization

**Stanley Milgram** - Social Psychology Obedience studies participants think they are shocking a learner

**Ivan Pavlov** - Learning Classical conditioning studies with dogs and salivation

**Jean Piaget** - Developmental Psychology Stage theory of cognitive development (sensorimotorpreoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations)

**Robert Rescorla** - Learning Revised the Pavlovian contiguity model of classical conditioning

**Carl Rogers** - Treatment of Psychological Disorders and Personality Humanistic psychologist person-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard Self-theory of personality

**Stanley Schacter** - Motivation and Emotion Two-factor theory for emotion

**B. F. Skinner** - Learning Operant conditioning Invented Skinner box

**John Watson** - Learning Father of behaviorism Baby Albert experiment - classically conditioned fear

**Benjamin Whorf** - Cognition The linguistic relativity hypothesis

**Willhelm Wundt** Set up the first psychological laboratory in an apartment near the university at Leipzig, Germany Theory of structuralism

Believed inner speech developed from external speech via a gradual process of internalization
 * Lev Vygotsky** - Cultural-Historical Psychology